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WOMEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND CAREER DEVELOPMENT

  • Posted on January 10, 2010 at 5:06 am

WOMEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND CAREER DEVELOPMENT

 

                                                                                *N.SATHIYA

 

                             An enterprise is an undertaking and enterpriser is one who organizes and manages it and takes risk. Initiative, risk bearing, co-coordinating of factors of production, use of innovation and provision of capital are the basic elements of entrepreneurship.Solutions, creation, processing and promotion of unit, promotional help, adequate and timely finance, sufficient market stability and intelligence are the main factors effective progress.

 

                        This is considered to be one of the most significant organizational changes taking place in the world today. However, though the number of women entering the managerial profession is on the increase they are still clustered in the lower levels of management and rarely obtain positions of significant corporate power.

 

                   In difference countries where the entry and middle level management positions are held by a significant number of women, experience prove their effectiveness as managers.

 

_____________________________________________________________________

*Ph.D Research Scholar, Department of Commerce, Periyar University, Salem-11

 

  

CAREER DEVELOPMENT:

                          The first Indian woman to graduate from Harvard business school. She is amongst the most powerful women in business in the country. Now in 2006 Naina Lal kidwai could become a director on the board of Swiss multinational nestle.

 

                     The goals of women’s empowerment are to challenge patriarchal ideology to transform the structures and institutions that reinforce and perpetuate gender discrimination and social inequality and to enable poor women to gain access to and control over both material and information resources.

                        

                         In operation vital and extensive employment and beneficiary oriented     programmes for specific target groups like farmers, and artisans such as the:

1)      National Rural Employment Programming (NREP), the

2)      Integrated Rural Development  Programming (IRDP),the

3)      Rural landless Employment Guaranty Programming (RLEGP),the

4)      Training Scheme of Rural Youth for Self  Employment (TRYSEM)

5)      The Scheme for providing Self Employments to Educated Unemployed youth (SEEU)and

6)      Self Employment Programme for Urban Poor,(SEPUP)

 

                      Growth for Industrialization, Urbanization, Education and Democratic system in the country the custom-bound-society of India is in the process of a change. The women are searching gainful employment in different fields.

                     In developing countries they invariably work harder than men. They contribute to economic actively and to the welfare of society through house hold jobs, child rearing, educating children and working in the fields. In developing countries, the discrimination extends to health care, food, property and access to credit.

                      Women’s organization aim at creating general awareness on the status involves roles, exception, entitlements rights and obligations etc. In many cases women are unaware of the legal rights, to take decisions and great influences by a family the dominance of the male.

 

                         From 1980’s onwards, the issues raised by WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT (WID) and, lately, GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT (GAD) approaches have acquire great importance, both for government organizations, non- government organizations and women’s organizations. While WID concentrates more on women’s economic activities.

 

                We need to invest in our people and, especially, improve the lives our women we need contribution from our women to attain excellence in all areas of activity. Our social and cultural attitudes neglects and marginalize women. In public, we can accept and respect women and brag about having a woman as our Prime Minister or a few women’s as Chief Ministers and Judges. But privately, the large majorities of women are sub Jud gated and dominated.

 

                They need permission from their men to occasionally visit their parents and relatives. It is estimated that 124 million women work in India (National Sample Survey Organization, 2000). This represents about 31 percent of the total work force. The Government economic survey for 2003-04 has estimated that there are 4.95 million women in the organized sector (both public and private sectors) about 18.01 percent of the total organized work force.

 

         Last year the Confederation of Indian Industry (CII), through its women Empowerment Committee Conducted survey of white-collar in 149 member companies across different sectors and regions. The percentage of women employees in medium companies was 18 percent, large companies 4 percent. At the managerial level, the percent of women at junior level was 16 percent, middle level 4 percent, senior level 4 percent and at senior-most levels, just 1 percent.

           Today, to survive competition in a globalizes market, many organizations are our sourcing and contracting out their work. This certainly has created opportunities for home-based work, especially for women in sectors like textile, garments and electronics.

 

            The natural enterprises of Indian women can be nurtured through innovations schemes of micro-finance. The government, financial institutions and private sector can join hands to create women entrepreneurs.

 

CRITICISM:

Many of us agitate to ban cow and buffalo slaughter, but remain insensitive to the increasing rate of female feticide in some of the states. Women to do not educate, because the work in there, homes and kitchens. Many organizations do not have any sexual harassment policy in place and distressed women have no place to turn to. Most of the families do not equal chances to the son and daughter. Most of the women to unawareness to the society. Though 48 percent of Indians are women, they are disadvantages in every way-in term of literacy, labor participations and earnings. Those are un favorable family background, lack of education, dual role of women, lack of aptitudes, and training, absence of individualistic sprit, lack of freedom to choose a job according to ability, influence of sex, caste, kinship custom and family burden etc. In her childhood, she relies on her parents are elder members of family, in her adulthood she relies on her husband and in laws and again in her old age she depends on her husband and sons. The male superiority ego, complex create barrier in the pathway of success.

10.  More ever, wherever necessary bookish knowledge she gathers is not sufficient to meet the various problems in the business field.

 

However in India Women enjoy the following five rights that men do not:

1)      I-T exemption of Rs.35,000

2)      flexi-timing

3)      Tele-commuting

4)      Extended Maternity leave

5)      Day-care centers.

 

             These companies employee the highest percentage of women in India:

1)      HSBC-33%

                 Makes a conscious attempt to build a strong female executive pipeline by effectively using the graduate campus trainee programme and building database of successful female candidates in the industry at all levels.

 

2)      ACCENTURE-30%

         More women @ Accenture: A metrics based recruitment process for hiring women, a referral programme for women and special recruitment drives at women-only colleges.

3)      SAPIENT-27%

          A role model programme for women highlights the achievement of senior women managers and showcases the absences of a glass ceiling.

 

4)      HDFC-25%

 

5)      INFOSYS-24%

 

6)      WIPRO-21%

 

        THE TOPEST WOMEN IN A MAN’S WORLD:

1)      Naina Lakidwai, VC & MD, HSBC Securities

2)      Sangita Taiwar, ED, TATA Tea.

3)      Kavita Hurry, MD & CEO, ING Vysya Mutual funds.

4)      Ashu Suyash, Head of Business, Fidelity Fund Management.

5)      Renuka Ramnath, MD& CEO, ICICI Venture Funds.

6)      Lalita Gupte, Joint MD, ICICI Bank.

7)      Renu Karnad, ED, HDFC.

8)      Kalpana Morparia, Deputy MD, ICICI Bank.

9)      Rama Biya Purkar, Strategic Marketing Consultant & Non-ED, Infosys.

 

 

 

      SUGGESTIONS:

1)      The women entrepreneur development is important for accelerating industrialization in India.

2)      If we can really bring out a balanced society with equal opportunities to both men and women

3)      Boys needed to be made aware that household and child-rearing responsibilities need to be equally shared between a husband and wife.

4)      The government has been pampering organize labor and, by and large, neglecting the unorganized sectors.

5)      Dynamic frame work of regulations so that the vast majority of our women workers get justice and social security.

6)      to avoid sexual harassment policies should be clearly stated and implemented

7)      Every family owned business need to an equal chance to their daughters.

                     (Eg.)   “Mukherjee & Sons” and

                                “Pastronjee & Sons” but also

                                “Mukherjee & Daughters” and

                    “Pastronjee & Daughters”

                The government must lead the way and corporate NGO’s and educational institutions should join in to support and work for change. Real change will come when our women are treated on par with men and given equal opportunities. Indian will be able to harness its women power and emerge as a respected nation.

REFERENCES:

        Magazines

1)      Entrepreneurship development in India- by Sami Uiddin.

2)      Business Today

3)      Management Research

 

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women enterpernurship and career development

  • Posted on January 10, 2010 at 12:07 am

WOMEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND CAREER DEVELOPMENT

                                                                        

                                                                                    *N.SATHIYA

 

                             An enterprise is an undertaking and enterpriser is one who organizes and manages it and takes risk. Initiative, risk bearing, co-ordinating of factors of production, use of innovation and provision of capital are the basic elements of entrepreneurship. Solutions, creation, processing and promotion of unit, promotional help, adequate and timely finance, sufficient market stability and intelligence are the main factors effective progress.

                        This is considered to be one of the most significant organizational changes taking place in the world today. However, though the number of women entering the managerial profession is on the increase they are still clustered in the lower levels of management and rarely obtain positions of significant corporate power. In difference countries where the entry and middle level management positions are held by a significant number of women, experience prove their effectiveness as managers.

 

 

*Ph.D Research Scholar, Department of Commerce, Periyar University, Salem-11

 

 

 

 

 

 

CAREER DEVELOPMENT:

The goals of women’s empowerment are to challenge patriarchal ideology to transform the structures and institutions that reinforce and perpetuate gender discrimination and social inequality and to enable poor women to gain access to and control over both material and information resources.                         

     In operation vital and extensive employment and beneficiary oriented programmes for specific target groups like farmers, and artisans such as the:

1)      National Rural Employment Programming (NREP), the

2)      Integrated Rural Development  Programming (IRDP),the

3)      Rural landless Employment Guaranty Programming (RLEGP),the

4)      Training Scheme of Rural Youth for Self  Employment (TRYSEM)

5)      The Scheme for providing Self Employments to Educated Unemployed youth (SEEU)and

6)      Self Employment Programme for Urban Poor,(SEPUP)

    Growth for Industrialization, Urbanization, Education and Democratic system in the country the custom-bound-society of India is in the process of a change. The women are searching gainful employment in different fields. In developing countries they invariably work harden than men. They contribute to economic actively and to the welfare of society through house hold jobs, child rearing, educating children and working in the fields. In developing countries, the discrimination extends to health care, food, property and access to credit.

 

   Women’s organization aim at creating general awareness on the status involves roles, exception, entitlements rights and obligations etc. In many cases women are unaware of the legal rights, to take decisions and great influences by a family the dominance of the male. From 1980’s onwards, the issues raised by WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT (WID) and, lately, GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT (GAD) approaches have acquire great importance, both for government organizations, non- government organizations and women’s organizations. While WID concentrates more on women’s economic activities.

  We need to invest in our people and, especially, improve the lives our women we need contribution from our women to attain excellence in all areas of activity. Our social and cultural attitudes neglects and marginalize women. In public, we can accept and respect women and brag about having a woman as our Prime Minister or a few women’s as Chief Ministers and Judges. But privately, the large majorities of women are sub Jud gated and dominated. They need permission from their men to occasionally visit their parents and relatives. It is estimated that 124 million women work in India (National Sample Survey Organization, 2000). This represents about 31 percent of the total work force. The Government economic survey for 2003-04 has estimated that there are 4.95 million women in the organized sector (both public and private sectors) about 18.01 percent of the total organized work force.

  Last year the Confederation of Indian Industry (CII), through its women Empowerment Committee Conducted survey of white-collar in 149 member companies across different sectors and regions. The percentage of women employees in medium companies was 18 percent, large companies 4 percent. At the managerial level, the percent of women at junior level was 16 percent, middle level 4 percent, senior level 4 percent and at senior-most levels, just 1 percent. Today, to survive competition in a globalizes market, many organizations are our sourcing and contracting out their work. This certainly has created opportunities for home-based work, especially for women in sectors like textile, garments and electronics.

  The natural enterprises of Indian women can be nurtured through innovations schemes of micro-finance. The government, financial institutions and private sector can join hands to create women entrepreneurs.

 

CRITICISM:

Many of us agitate to ban cow and buffalo slaughter, but remain insensitive to the increasing rate of female feticide in some of the states. Women to do not educate, because the work in their, homes and kitchens. Many organizations do not have any sexual harassment policy in place and distressed women have no place to turn to. Most of the families do not equal chances to the son and daughter. Most of the women to unawareness to the society. Though 48 percent of Indians are women, they are disadvantages in everyway-in terms of literacy, labor participations and earnings. Those are un favorable family background, lack of education, dual role of women, lack of aptitudes, and training, absence of individualistic sprit, lack of freedom to choose a job according to ability, influence of sex, caste, kinship custom and family burden etc. In her childhood, she relies on her parents are elder members of family, in her adulthood she relies on her husband and in laws and again in her old age she depends on her husband and sons. The male superiority ego, complex create barrier in the pathway of success.

10.  More ever, wherever necessary bookish knowledge she gathers is not sufficient to meet the various problems in the business field.

  These companies employee the highest percentage of women in India:

1)      HSBC-33%

                 Makes a conscious attempt to build a strong female executive pipeline by effectively using the graduate campus trainee programme and building database of successful female candidates in the industry at all levels.

 

2)      ACCENTURE-30%

         More women @ Accenture: A metrics based recruitment process for hiring women, a referral programme for women and special recruitment drives at women-only colleges.

3)      SAPIENT-27%

          A role model programme for women highlights the achievement of senior women managers and showcases the absences of a glass ceiling.

4) HDFC-25%

5) INFOSYS-24%

6) WIPRO-21%

        THE TOPEST WOMEN IN A MAN’S WORLD:

1)      Naina Lakidwai, VC & MD, HSBC Securities

2)      Sangita Taiwar, ED, TATA Tea.

3)      Kavita Hurry, MD & CEO, ING Vysya Mutual funds.

4)      Ashu Suyash, Head of Business, Fidelity Fund Management.

5)      Renuka Ramnath, MD& CEO, ICICI Venture Funds.

6)      Lalita Gupte, Joint MD, ICICI Bank.

7)      Renu Karnad, ED, HDFC.

8)      Kalpana Morparia, Deputy MD, ICICI Bank.

9)      Rama Biya Purkar, Strategic Marketing Consultant & Non-ED, Infosys.

      SUGGESTIONS:

1)      The women entrepreneur development is important for accelerating industrialization in India.

2)      If we can really bring out a balanced society with equal opportunities to both men and women

3)      Boys needed to be made aware that household and child-rearing responsibilities need to be equally shared between a husband and wife.

4)      The government has been pampering organize labor and, by and large, neglecting the unorganized sectors.

5)      Dynamic frame work of regulations so that the vast majority of our women workers get justice and social security.

6)      to avoid sexual harassment policies should be clearly stated and implemented

7)      Every family owned business need to an equal chance to their daughters.

                     (Eg.)   “Mukherjee & Sons” and

                                “Pastronjee & Sons” but also

                                “Mukherjee & Daughters” and

                    “Pastronjee & Daughters”

                The government must lead the way and corporate NGO’s and educational institutions should join in to support and work for change. Real change will come when our women are treated on par with men and given equal opportunities. Indian will be able to harness its women power and emerge as a respected nation.

REFERENCES:

        Magazines

1)      Entrepreneurship development in India- by Sami Uiddin.

2)      Business Today

3)      Management Research

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I lost my career as a teacher because of a DWI…?

  • Posted on January 4, 2010 at 7:32 am

what other careers can I be licensed in with a felony DWI? I went to rehab and got my life together. I am engaged to a wonderful man and am getting my daughter back. What other careers can I go for or is my life over?

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Career Criminals: Who Are They and What Should Society Do About Them?

  • Posted on January 2, 2010 at 4:20 am

It is essential in an ordered society to believe that its citizens who do wrong can be rehabilitated. This must be true for a society to function properly. In the U.S., our sentencing structures and guidelines are built with this very thing as a foundation.

However, there is a small portion of our society who despite all opportunities to rehabilitate, do not. This small portion of society who willingly choose to continue their lives of crime after having multiple types of intervention such as prison time, probation, alternative sentencing, drug court, inpatient drug treatment, etc… are recognized as career criminals.

For several decades, studies have been conducted on crime and causalities by various bodies including major universities, criminologists and even the U.S. Department of Justice. These studies have found that approximately 80% of all crime is committed by 20% of all criminals. Some of the studies have provided slightly different numbers but all of them have found that a small group of criminals commit a vastly disproportionate number of crimes than their peers. (Wolfgang et al ., 1972; Petersilia et al ., 1978; Williams, 1979; Chaiken and Chaiken, 1982; Greenwood with Abrahamse, 1982, and Martin and Sherman, 1986).

This group of criminals are very antisocial and refuse any form of rehabilitative programs. The only time they might participate in such programs is when they are having their prison sentences shortened or risk of going to prison decreased because of their participation. They call it “buying time” because they know they are getting time off their sentences by participating in rehabilitative programs.

It is not uncommon for law enforcement officials all across the U.S. to encounter criminals on the streets who have amassed 10 or more felony convictions and that have been to prison 3, 4, 5 or more separate times in their past. When their background is examined, it is always found that these criminals have benefited from weak plea deals on cases, dismissals of cases in exchange for guilty pleas in other cases and various other forms of settlements of cases based on judicial economy rather than the two things that should be considered the most, protection of society and punishment.

Knowing all of this, it therefore seems to be common sense that law enforcement and the justice system should focus greater energy and resources toward those that commit the majority of the crimes. This is the very purpose of habitual criminal laws; to address the recidivists. In all 50 States and on the Federal level, there are habitual criminal laws of one kind or another. Some are very effective and some are not. 26 states currently have habitual criminal laws that include sentences of life without parole.

California has what is probably the most publicized campaign against habitual criminals known as the three strikes law. There is plenty of evidence that the laws in California have provided significant benefits both in protecting citizens from further harm but also in fiscal impact to the California prison system.

Calculations based on the California Crime Index indicate that between March of 1994 when three strikes was first signed into law and the summer of 2004, there was a dramatic drop in California’s crime rate. Whether or not such a decline over those 10 years could be attributable to the three strikes sentencing scheme, other sentencing legislation enacted during the decade, changes in demographics, economic trends, or a combination of these factors, the crime rate in California fell by approximately 45% during this 10-year period. (Prosecutors’ Perspective on California’s Three Strikes Law – A 10-Year Retrospective, published 2004)

The prison system in California has seen its prison population numbers stabilize and has actually seen a massive reduction in the rate of increased spending in the budget for corrections. During the 10 years preceding three strikes (1984 to 1994), state expenditures for corrections increased nearly 220%. This is more than four times greater than after the enactment of three strikes.

“Many police officers, corrections officers and others, both inside and outside the criminal justice system, have noted that criminals fear three strikes. These people have also found that some criminals have modified their behavior. For once felons are worried about the criminal justice system and that has proven to be a deterrent factor.

Despite predictions that the law would incarcerate many youthful offenders, for the 83 three-strikers sentenced to date, the average age is 37 years old. These are career criminals, not likely to “outgrow” their antisocial behavior with added maturity”. (Washington Policy Center, “Three Strikes You’re Out A Reform that Worked”, published 1997)

The U.S. Supreme Court has frequently recognized that a State may punish persistent criminal offenders more severely than it punished other offenders:

Solem v Helm, 1983

Rummel v Estelle, 1980

Oyler v Boles, 1962

Graham v West Virginia, 1912

Even more recently on March 5th of 2003, the U.S. Supreme Court reviewed a California recidivist statute in Ewing v California. The finding was, habitual criminal sentences do not violate the Eighth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution which prohibits “cruel and unusual punishment”. The court noted “…it reflects a rational legislative judgment, entitled to deference, that offenders who have committed serious or violent felonies and who continue to commit felonies must be incapacitated.”

In Nevada, there are habitual criminal laws that are similar to those in California. At the end of February, 2009, there were 525 inmates in the Nevada prison system that were serving habitual criminal sentences that vary from between 5-20 years, 10 years to life or life without parole. This is only 3.9% of the total Nevada inmate population. Based on the decades of criminological studies showing that 80% of all crime is committed by 20% of all offenders, shouldn’t the number of inmates in prison who are serving habitual sentences be closer to 20% or even higher since this is the special breed of criminal that needs to be incarcerated the most?

One prime example of the positive effects of the habitual criminal laws in Nevada is a 2006 case on a defendant named Daimon Monroe, aka Daimon Hoyt (8th District Court of Nevada, case # 06-C-228752). Monroe had previously been convicted of 15 felony counts in a criminal case in 1992, 2 felony counts from a criminal case in 1993 and 2 felony counts from a criminal case in 1996. Almost all of his felony convictions involved him committing commercial burglaries. One of his prior convictions was for being an ex-felon in possession of a firearm. Another was for evading a police officer which arose from a car chase that resulted in a roll over crash. Monroe had been to prison two times before.

Monroe completed his second stint in prison and got out in 2001. Monroe returned to committing commercial burglaries almost immediately after getting out of prison. Monroe continued committing commercial burglaries between 2001 and 2006 without being caught by law enforcement.

It is conservatively approximated that Monroe had committed several hundred burglaries which was substantiated by testimony of his longtime girlfriend. The investigation resulted in the seizure of approximately $2,000,000 in stolen property from Monroe. Monroe had also amassed close to $200,000 in bank accounts from the sales of stolen property, which was seized. Monroe was arrested in 2006 and was convicted of over 30 more felony counts in three different jury trials.

In 2008, after the second of three different trials on Monroe, he was sentenced as a habitual criminal by District Court Judge Stewart Bell. At sentencing, Judge Bell told Monroe that in his 30 plus years of experience in the justice system that Monroe was the most prolific criminal he had ever encountered or had heard of. Judge Bell sentenced Monroe to consecutive terms of life without the possibility of parole.

To finish this story on Mr. Monroe, it should be known that he has also since been tried for soliciting the murder of a District Court Judge, a Prosecutor and the Police Detective who investigated him. He was convicted by a jury on three counts of soliciting murder and is awaiting sentencing. He is now a 48 time convicted felon and has never shown even the smallest hint of remorse whatsoever. He will also be standing trial in the fall of 2009 for sexually assaulting his biological daughter and step daughter.

Is this the kind of criminal that can be rehabilitated? Is this the sort of person that should be granted some kind of leniency and allowed to exist in society? Monroe is not a lone wolf. Stories like his dot the map across the country. These truly dangerous and inalterable criminals cannot exist in society without them trying to find various ways of taking advantage of others to the point of committing serious crimes against them.

Another defendant who received life without parole was Gregory Hermanski (8th District court of Nevada, case # 00-C-167783). Hermanski had previously been convicted of 12 felonies including multiple separate times for armed robbery and bank robbery. Hermanski had served 6 prior prison terms in Florida and in Federal prison prior to being treated as a habitual criminal in Nevada. Hermanski was convicted of Robbery with a Deadly Weapon and Burglary with a Deadly Weapon and was sentenced in 2003.

A portion of a Nevada Parole and Probation presentence report on Hermanski stated, “Mr. Hermanski has been afforded numerous opportunities to cope with his personal problems. He has been psychologically evaluated on repeated occasions. Counseling and coping mechanisms have been offered to him in virtually every form of therapeutic milieu. However, the defendant has refused to cooperate with any agency that has made an attempt to assist him. As a result, he has compiled an extensive criminal record. A review of that record is reflective of an individual who is a very serious threat to the safety of others.”

Is this the sort of individual that our system of jurisprudence should trust to exist in society? Would the justice system bear some responsibility if this person was ever released from prison and someday ended up harming someone? The Police, Prosecutors and Judges are empowered and entrusted by the people of their communities to protect them from these very kinds of predators.

The argument of barbarism often comes up when people discuss life sentences of criminals. I believe that it is a privilege to live in the United States of America. In many countries, these kinds of criminals would have been executed long before they established their prodigious rap sheets. It is not barbaric to separate predators from the prey. I argue that it is barbaric to continue letting the predators feast mercilessly on innocent people.

For those of you who live in jurisdictions that have habitual criminal laws, you should be thankful. For those of you that live in jurisdictions without habitual criminal laws, you should write your lawmakers.

 

Bradley is currently Co-Authoring a true crime story entitled “Repeat Offender; The true story of how the biggest thief Las Vegas ever knew was brought down”.

Check out the website: http://www.repeatoffenderonline.com

 

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